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#germanium

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Edouard Sufrin

freesound.org/people/derniers+

Update sur la page freesound du projet derniers souffles.
Avec les souffles de diodes et transistors que nous avions enregistrés avec @soniasaroya lors de notre résidence au @soundartlab, Struer, Denmark.
Avec la complicité de Ross Alexander Payne, @jacoberiksen, et toute l'équipe de radioamateurs OZ3EDR.

freesound.orgFreesound - derniers+soufflesFreesound: collaborative database of creative-commons licensed sound for musicians and sound lovers. Have you freed your sound today?
#whitenoise#transistors#diode
Public
Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬

#China banned exports of a few rare #minerals to the #US. Things could get messier.
#Gallium and #germanium are used to make #semiconductors. Could battery materials be the next target?
This might be only the beginning. China is a powerhouse, and not just in those niche materials—it’s also a juggernaut in #cleanenergy, and particularly in battery supply chains. So what comes next could have significant consequences for #EV and #climate action more broadly.
technologyreview.com/2024/12/1

MIT Technology Review · China banned exports of a few rare minerals to the US. Things could get messier.Par Casey Crownhart
Public
Geriatric Gardener

“China expands export controls on critical minerals amid escalating trade war with the US”

by Al Mayadeen

“Starting December 1, 2024, #China began banning the export of key materials like #gallium and #germanium to the #US, targeting dual-use items vital for technologies such as #semiconductors [..]. These new rules hold violators accountable u/ Chinese law & are part of China's broader strategy to counter US #sanctions & #trade #restrictions.”

english.almayadeen.net/videos/

#Press#TradeWar
Public *
Claude Trudel

Projection de l’impact de l’arrêt de l’exportation de métaux critiques chinois vers les États-Unis d’Amérique, selon l’USGS
▶️ […] the researchers estimate there could be a $3.4 billion decrease in U.S. GDP if China implements a total ban on exports of gallium and germanium, minerals used in some semiconductors and other high-tech manufacturing.
usgs.gov/news/national-news-re
#Chine #USA #gallium #germanium #USGS

www.usgs.govUSGS Critical Minerals Study: Bans on Gallium and Germanium Exports Could Cost the U.S. Billions | U.S. Geological SurveyRESTON, Va. — U.S. Geological Survey researchers have developed a new model to assess how disruptions of critical mineral supplies may affect the U.S. economy. Using the model, the researchers estimate there could be a $3.4 billion decrease in U.S. GDP if China implements a total ban on exports of gallium and germanium, minerals used in some semiconductors and other high-tech manufacturing.
Public
Chuck Darwin

According to the International Energy Agency, demand for 🔸rare earth elements 🔸 is expected to reach 👉three to seven times current levels by 2040;
demand for other critical minerals such as 🔸lithium 🔸may 👉multiply 40-fold.

Delivering on the 2016 Paris Agreement, under which signatory nations are obligated to reduce emissions to cap the global temperature increase, would require the global mineral supply to quadruple within the same time frame. At the current rate, supply is on track to merely double.

Obtaining rare earth elements begins with obtaining source materials, which can happen, broadly, in three ways:
🔹primary extraction, or mining directly from the earth;
🔹recovery from secondary sources, such as end-of-life electronics;
🔹and extraction from unconventional sources, including industrial wastes like coal ash and waste products from mines.

But China so dominates the market—it controlled 60% of global production in 2021—that other countries are at a disadvantage.

After China announced export restrictions in 2023 on gallium, germanium, and graphite, nations scrambled to find alternative sources in anticipation of future restrictions. 

Primary extraction in the US is limited;
only one active mine, the Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine and Processing Facility in California, produces rare earth elements domestically.
Opening new mines can take decades.
As a result, scientists and companies alike are intent on increasing access and improving sustainability by exploring secondary or unconventional sources.
#china #rareearth #secondarysources #gallium, #germanium, #graphite, #lithium
technologyreview.com/2024/01/0

MIT Technology Review · The race to produce rare earth elementsPar Mureji Fatunde
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