Europe Says<p><a href="https://www.europesays.com/2079147/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="">europesays.com/2079147/</span><span class="invisible"></span></a> South Korean university moves to retroactively revoke ex-first lady’s degree over plagiarism <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/AcademicRegulations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AcademicRegulations</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/DegreeRevocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DegreeRevocation</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/DemocraticAlumniGroup" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DemocraticAlumniGroup</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/FraudulentMeans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FraudulentMeans</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/HigherEducationAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HigherEducationAct</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/investigation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>investigation</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/KimKeonHee" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>KimKeonHee</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/KookminUniversity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>KookminUniversity</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/Master" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Master</span></a>'sDegree <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/Plagiarism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Plagiarism</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/ResearchIntegrityCommittee" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ResearchIntegrityCommittee</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>revocation</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/SookmyungWomen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SookmyungWomen</span></a>'sUniversity <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/SouthKorea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SouthKorea</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/thesis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>thesis</span></a> <a href="https://pubeurope.com/tags/YooYoungJoo" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>YooYoungJoo</span></a></p>
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Rod2ik 🇪🇺 🇨🇵 🇪🇸 🇺🇦 🇨🇦 🇩🇰 🇬🇱<p>Les autorités <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/am%C3%A9ricaines" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>américaines</span></a> notifient à <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Repsol" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Repsol</span></a> la <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/r%C3%A9vocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>révocation</span></a> de sa <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/licence" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>licence</span></a> au <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Venezuela" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Venezuela</span></a> </p><p><a href="https://ch.zonebourse.com/cours/action/ENI-S-P-A-413403/actualite/Les-autorites-americaines-notifient-a-Repsol-la-revocation-de-sa-licence-au-Venezuela-49481338/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">ch.zonebourse.com/cours/action</span><span class="invisible">/ENI-S-P-A-413403/actualite/Les-autorites-americaines-notifient-a-Repsol-la-revocation-de-sa-licence-au-Venezuela-49481338/</span></a></p>
InternetDev-Anti-Communicant🍉<p>Pour contrer la chiasse Trump, <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/FranceInfox" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FranceInfox</span></a> fait elle même de la désinformation</p><p>Le présentateur de merde, prétend que le fait que Trump ait été élu ferait des USA une "démocratie" </p><p>D'abord, la démocratie n'est pas l'élection, qui s'achète par les propagandes et par la corruption, mais la <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/R%C3%A9vocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Révocation</span></a> qui est la seule façon pour le peuple d'avoir le dernier mot réellement DÉMOCRATIQUE</p><p>La seule façon pour le peuple d'être celui qui tient la laisse de ses représentants est la révocation.</p>
Laurent Espitallier<p>Covid-19. Ce pompier avait refusé le vaccin, la justice annule sa révocation à vie <a href="https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/covid-19-ce-pompier-avait-refuse-le-vaccin-la-justine-annule-sa-revocation-a-vie-3041802.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">france3-regions.francetvinfo.f</span><span class="invisible">r/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/covid-19-ce-pompier-avait-refuse-le-vaccin-la-justine-annule-sa-revocation-a-vie-3041802.html</span></a> <a href="https://mastouille.fr/tags/justice" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>justice</span></a> <a href="https://mastouille.fr/tags/covid19" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>covid19</span></a> <a href="https://mastouille.fr/tags/covid" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>covid</span></a>-19 <a href="https://mastouille.fr/tags/r%C3%A9vocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>révocation</span></a> <a href="https://mastouille.fr/tags/pompier" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>pompier</span></a> <a href="https://mastouille.fr/tags/vaccin" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>vaccin</span></a></p>
Geriatric Gardener<p>“Revocation of the JNF’s charitable status indicates massive shift in how Canada views the Israeli occupation”</p><p>by Miles Howe in Mondoweiss <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://social.mondoweiss.net/@mondoweiss" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>mondoweiss</span></a></span> </p><p>“The revocation of the Jewish National Fund's and Ne’eman Foundation's charitable status suggests a massive shift is underway in how Canada views the illicit funding of West Bank settlements following the ICJ's opinion on the Israeli occupation”</p><p><a href="https://mondoweiss.net/2024/08/revocation-of-the-jnfs-charitable-status-indicates-massive-shift-in-how-canada-views-the-israeli-occupation/?ml_recipient=130005032863008477&ml_link=130005025144440398&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=2024-08-18&utm_campaign=Daily+Headlines+RSS+Automation" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">mondoweiss.net/2024/08/revocat</span><span class="invisible">ion-of-the-jnfs-charitable-status-indicates-massive-shift-in-how-canada-views-the-israeli-occupation/?ml_recipient=130005032863008477&ml_link=130005025144440398&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=2024-08-18&utm_campaign=Daily+Headlines+RSS+Automation</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Press" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Press</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/JNF" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>JNF</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Canada" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Canada</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Charitable" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Charitable</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Status" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Status</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Occupation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Occupation</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Israel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Israel</span></a></p>
Darren Smyth (he/him)<p>We don't often see patents about cold chain monitoring being litigated in our courts, so this revocation action at the UPC was interesting. A few procedural points have already emerged from this case, but this is the final first instance decision. Patent maintained with slight amendment.</p><p><a href="https://eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/article/paris-central-division-maintains-cold-chain-monitoring-patent-in-amended-form/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/a</span><span class="invisible">rticle/paris-central-division-maintains-cold-chain-monitoring-patent-in-amended-form/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Patents" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Patents</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Validity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Validity</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/UPC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UPC</span></a></p>
Erik van Straten<p>In <a href="https://www.security.nl/posting/852814/DV+certs%3A+de+maat+is+vol" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">security.nl/posting/852814/DV+</span><span class="invisible">certs%3A+de+maat+is+vol</span></a> schreef ik (in het Nederlands) waarom het internet één grote criminele bende is geworden, refererend naar een eerdere serie (van 3) Engelstalige toots van mijn hand (<a href="https://infosec.exchange/@ErikvanStraten/112914047006977222" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">infosec.exchange/@ErikvanStrat</span><span class="invisible">en/112914047006977222</span></a>).</p><p>In de tweede helft van <a href="https://security.nl/posting/852741" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">security.nl/posting/852741</span><span class="invisible"></span></a> beschrijf ik een oplossing voor een deel van het probleem: dat websites, omwille van winstbejag van Big Tech, tot *eenheidsworst* zijn gemaakt.</p><p>Als bezoeker kunt u namelijk *nergens* meer uit opmaken of een website authentiek is, of dat er sprake is van inpersonatie van de echte website - door cybercriminelen.</p><p>Dat wordt veroorzaakt door browsermakers en certificaatuitgevers die alle mogelijke moeite hebben gedaan om u de informatie te onthouden *WIE* VERANTWOORDELIJK is voor een website (de domeinnaam daarvan om precies te zijn, die u ziet in de adresbalk van uw browser).</p><p>De *suggestie* van Big Tech dat het voor *u* goed genoeg is als u weet wat de domeinnaam is van een website, is absurd.</p><p>Dat is, in de praktijk, totale onzin omdat mensen uiterst slecht zijn in het exact (noodzakelijkerwijs 100% foutloos) kunnen herkennen van *volledige* domeinnamen - en eenvoudig gefopt kunnen worden (zelfs als zij begrijpen waar zij op moeten letten en hoe domeinnamen zijn opgebouwd).</p><p>Bij voor mensen nieuwe websites (zoals van een gegooglde loodgieter of een sandalenwebshop) zegt een domeinnaam meestal ofwel niets *betrouwbaars* over wie de eigenaar is, of is pure misleiding - terwijl elke pagina van de website zelf hartstikke nep kan zijn.</p><p>Kom in opstand tegen de geldwolven op internet!</p><p><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certs</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Misissuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Misissuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Mis_issuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mis_issuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revoked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revoked</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Weaknessess" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Weaknessess</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/WeakCertificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WeakCertificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/WeakAuthentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WeakAuthentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Impersonation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Impersonation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Identification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Identification</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Infosec" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Infosec</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNSHijacks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNSHijacks</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/SquareSpace" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SquareSpace</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authorization" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authorization</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/UnauthorizedChanges" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UnauthorizedChanges</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/UnauthorizedModifications" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UnauthorizedModifications</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DeFi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DeFi</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/dydx_exchange" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>dydx_exchange</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CryptoCoins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CryptoCoins</span></a></p>
Erik van Straten<p>🌘DV-CERT MIS-ISSUANCE INCIDENTS🌒<br>🧵#3/3</p><p>Note: this list (in reverse chronological order) is probably incomplete; please respond if you know of additional incidents!</p><p>2024-07-31 "Sitting Ducks" attacks/DNS hijacks: mis-issued certificates for possibly more than 35.000 domains by Let’s Encrypt and DigiCert: <a href="https://blogs.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence/who-knew-domain-hijacking-is-so-easy/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">blogs.infoblox.com/threat-inte</span><span class="invisible">lligence/who-knew-domain-hijacking-is-so-easy/</span></a> (src: <a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/sitting-ducks-dns-attacks-let-hackers-hijack-over-35-000-domains/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bleepingcomputer.com/news/secu</span><span class="invisible">rity/sitting-ducks-dns-attacks-let-hackers-hijack-over-35-000-domains/</span></a>)</p><p>2024-07-23 Let's Encrypt mis-issued 34 certificates,revokes 27 for dydx.exchange: see 🧵#2/3 in this series of toots</p><p>2023-11-03 jabber.ru MitMed/AitMed in German hosting center <a href="https://notes.valdikss.org.ru/jabber.ru" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">notes.valdikss.org.ru/jabber.r</span><span class="invisible">u</span></a></p><p>2023-11-01 KlaySwap en Celer Bridge BGP-hijacks described <a href="https://www.certik.com/resources/blog/1NHvPnvZ8EUjVVs4KZ4L8h-bgp-hijacking-how-hackers-circumvent-internet-routing-security-to-tear-the" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">certik.com/resources/blog/1NHv</span><span class="invisible">PnvZ8EUjVVs4KZ4L8h-bgp-hijacking-how-hackers-circumvent-internet-routing-security-to-tear-the</span></a></p><p>2023-09-01 Biggest BGP Incidents/BGP-hijacks/BGP hijacks <a href="https://blog.lacnic.net/en/routing/a-brief-history-of-the-internets-biggest-bgp-incidents" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">blog.lacnic.net/en/routing/a-b</span><span class="invisible">rief-history-of-the-internets-biggest-bgp-incidents</span></a></p><p>2022-09-22 BGP-hijack mis-issued GoGetSSL DV certificate <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/09/how-3-hours-of-inaction-from-amazon-cost-cryptocurrency-holders-235000/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">arstechnica.com/information-te</span><span class="invisible">chnology/2022/09/how-3-hours-of-inaction-from-amazon-cost-cryptocurrency-holders-235000/</span></a></p><p>2022-09-09 Celer Bridge incident analysis <a href="https://www.coinbase.com/en-nl/blog/celer-bridge-incident-analysis" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">coinbase.com/en-nl/blog/celer-</span><span class="invisible">bridge-incident-analysis</span></a></p><p>2022-02-16 Crypto Exchange KLAYswap Loses $1.9M After BGP Hijack <a href="https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/crypto-exchange-klayswap-loses-19m-after-bgp-hijack-a-18518" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bankinfosecurity.com/crypto-ex</span><span class="invisible">change-klayswap-loses-19m-after-bgp-hijack-a-18518</span></a></p><p>🌘BACKGROUND INFO🌒<br>2024-08-01 "Cloudflare once again comes under pressure for enabling abusive sites<br>(Dan Goodin - Aug 1, 2024) <a href="https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/07/cloudflare-once-again-comes-under-pressure-for-enabling-abusive-sites/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">arstechnica.com/security/2024/</span><span class="invisible">07/cloudflare-once-again-comes-under-pressure-for-enabling-abusive-sites/</span></a></p><p>2018-08-15 Usenix-18: "Bamboozling Certificate Authorities with BGP" <a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/birge-lee" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">usenix.org/conference/usenixse</span><span class="invisible">curity18/presentation/birge-lee</span></a></p><p><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LE</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LetsEncrypt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LetsEncrypt</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certs</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Misissuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Misissuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Mis_issuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mis_issuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revoked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revoked</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Weaknessess" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Weaknessess</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/WeakCertificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WeakCertificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/WeakAuthentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WeakAuthentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Impersonation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Impersonation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Identification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Identification</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Infosec" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Infosec</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNSHijacks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNSHijacks</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/SquareSpace" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SquareSpace</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authorization" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authorization</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/UnauthorizedChanges" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UnauthorizedChanges</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/UnauthorizedModifications" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UnauthorizedModifications</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DeFi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DeFi</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/dydx_exchange" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>dydx_exchange</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CryptoCoins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CryptoCoins</span></a></p>
Erik van Straten<p>🌘DYDX.EXCHANGE DV-CERT MIS-ISSUANCES🌒<br>🧵#2/3</p><p>Below you can find a listing of 34 LE (Let's Encrypt) leaf certs (certificates) that were all issued on 2024-07-23 for [*.]dydx.exchange (i.e. literally dydx.exchange and *.dydx.exchange , where '*' represents exactly one subdomain level).</p><p>Most -if not all- of those certs were mis-issued to cybercriminals who used impersonating websites after modifying DNS records without authorization. Of those certs, only 27 were revoked (as of 2024-08-05).</p><p>More about the associated DNS attack can be read in <a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bleepingcomputer.com/news/secu</span><span class="invisible">rity/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/</span></a>.</p><p>🌘REMARKABLE / NOTES🌒<br>⚠️ Out of caution, all certs issued to [*.]dydx.exchange on 2024-07-23 should have been revoked.</p><p>I see no reason to assume that the 7 of the 34 certificates issued during the same small timeframe (14:26:21 GMT through 19:31:11 GMT, with the last non-revoked cert issued at 15:47:29 GMT, i.e. within 2 hours of the first cert) were not mis-issued.</p><p>Note: criminals can still abuse them by attacking individuals by forging DNS responses to them.</p><p>⚠️ In one case, no reason whatsoever was specified for the revocation. In all other cases "cessationOfOperation" was specified.</p><p>IMO both are wrong and misleading. The reason should have been the one used for mis-issuance:</p><p><<< privilegeWithdrawn (RFC 5280 CRLReason #9) >>></p><p>See, for example, <a href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/governance/policies/security-group/certs/policy/#611-end-entity-tls-certificate-crlrevocation-reasons" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">mozilla.org/en-US/about/govern</span><span class="invisible">ance/policies/security-group/certs/policy/#611-end-entity-tls-certificate-crlrevocation-reasons</span></a> and <a href="https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2022/05/16/revocation-reason-codes-for-tls-server-certificates/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">blog.mozilla.org/security/2022</span><span class="invisible">/05/16/revocation-reason-codes-for-tls-server-certificates/</span></a>.</p><p>⚠️ In addition to the previous point: maybe I overlooked it, but I found no mention of this security incident on <a href="https://letsencrypt.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">letsencrypt.org</span><span class="invisible"></span></a>. Does LE *not* want you to know about this? What happened to "certificate transparency"?</p><p>⚠️ For part of their subdomain names (such as links.dydx.exchange) dydx.exchange seems to have reused an asymmetric keypair *that* many times that tapping on "Subject Public Key Info" in i.e. <a href="https://crt.sh/?spkisha256=a49e1f32dc76b0fb9522eb4557b80ce522eab725ac8bfe67b510856e7de0ab8e" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?spkisha256=a49e1f32dc7</span><span class="invisible">6b0fb9522eb4557b80ce522eab725ac8bfe67b510856e7de0ab8e</span></a> causes crt.sh to time out (or to crash).</p><p>⚠️ I don't know why there's always a one hour difference between the "invalid before" timestamp and the timestamp of the countersignature. Perhaps there's a mandatory 1 hour delay (please let us know if you know what the reason is).</p><p>🌘IMPROVING READABILITY🌒<br>I've removed all dates that were July 23, 2024 from the list below.</p><p>In addition, *each* certificate was actually issued for both:<br>🔸<subDN>.dydx.exchange<br>🔸Not mentioned in the following list: www.<subDN>.dydx.exchange<br>(this also applies to dydx.exchange and www.dydx.exchange).</p><p>Records in the list below are sorted in chronological order of issuance of the precertificate.</p><p>🌘LEGENDA🌒<br>r#nn: revoked, <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/nr" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>nr</span></a> (2 digits)<br>v#nn: valid (not revoked), <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/nr" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>nr</span></a><br>f: valid From time (not valid before)<br>c: counter-signature timestamp<br>r: revocation timestamp + "(reason)"<br>s: source</p><p>---- BEGIN OF LIST ----</p><p>r#01: api.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:26:21 GMT<br>c: 15:26:21.595 GMT<br>r: 20:59:14 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897807683&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897807683&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#02: dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:26:23 GMT<br>c: 15:26:23.451 GMT<br>r: 21:00:08 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897808125&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897808125&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#03: ios-beta.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:26:47 GMT<br>c: 15:26:47.554 GMT<br>r: 20:59:36 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897811047&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897811047&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#04: docs.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:27:56 GMT<br>c: 15:27:56.096 GMT<br>r: 21:00:16 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897811225&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897811225&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#05: links.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:28:19 GMT<br>c: 15:28:19.601 GMT<br>r: 20:59:47 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897811650&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897811650&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#06: integral.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:28:22 GMT<br>c: 15:28:22.915 GMT<br>r: 21:00:22 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897821925&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897821925&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>v#01: status.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:28:37 GMT<br>c: 15:28:37.649 GMT<br>r: 🧨 NOT REVOKED (as of 2024-08-05)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897817710&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897817710&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#07: media.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:29:06 GMT<br>c: 15:29:06.874 GMT<br>r: 20:59:56 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897812660&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897812660&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#08: help.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:29:18 GMT<br>c: 15:29:18.337 GMT<br>r: 21:00:31 UTC (cessationOfOperation) <br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897814167&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897814167&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#09: indexerv4staging.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:29:19 GMT<br>c: 15:29:19.843 GMT<br>r: 21:12:13 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897819527&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897819527&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#10: forward.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:29:26 GMT<br>c: 15:29:27.028 GMT<br>r: 21:12:34 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897820336&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897820336&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>v#02: metabase.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:29:26 GMT<br>c: 15:29:27.210 GMT<br>r: 🧨 NOT REVOKED (as of 2024-08-05)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897815842&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897815842&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#11: indexerv4dev.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:29:51 GMT<br>c: 15:29:52.070 GMT<br>r: 21:12:52 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897821570&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897821570&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#12: analytics.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:30:21 GMT<br>c: 15:30:21.562 GMT<br>r: 21:12:21 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897822133&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897822133&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#13: legacy-docs.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:30:22 GMT<br>c: 15:30:22.997 GMT<br>r: 21:12:40 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897821933&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897821933&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#14: margintokens.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:30:38 GMT<br>c: 15:30:38.606 GMT<br>r: 21:13:01 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897821784&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897821784&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#15: parity.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:31:13 GMT<br>c: 15:31:13.749 GMT<br>r: 21:12:45 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897830727&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897830727&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#16: skhelp.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:31:14 GMT<br>c: 15:31:14.982 GMT<br>r: 21:12:27 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897829203&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897829203&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#17: pm-bounces.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:31:38 GMT<br>c: 15:31:38.388 GMT<br>r: 21:13:09 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897833728&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897833728&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#18: trade.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:32:28 GMT<br>c: 15:32:28.689 GMT<br>r: 21:18:56 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897833284&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897833284&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#19: v#03: margin.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:32:36 GMT<br>c: 15:32:37.015 GMT<br>r: 🧨 NOT REVOKED (as of 2024-08-05)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897844502&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897844502&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#20: stage.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:32:41 GMT<br>c: 15:32:41.083 GMT<br>r: 21:18:29 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897834807&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897834807&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>v#04: whitepaper.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:33:17 GMT<br>c: 15:33:18.231 GMT<br>r: 🧨 NOT REVOKED (as of 2024-08-05)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897844858&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897844858&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#21: testing.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:33:35 GMT<br>c: 15:33:35.409 GMT<br>r: 21:18:36 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13852529152&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13852529152&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>v#05: url5082.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:33:47 GMT<br>c: 15:33:47.838 GMT<br>r: 🧨 NOT REVOKED (as of 2024-08-05)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897842992&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897842992&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#22: plhelp.dydx.exchange<br>f: 15:35:53 GMT<br>c: 16:35:53.580 GMT<br>r: 21:30:36 UTC<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13898344519&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13898344519&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#23: alpha.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:36:47 GMT<br>c: 15:36:47.886 GMT<br>r: 21:19:04 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897856627&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897856627&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#24: indexerv4testnet.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:37:43 GMT<br>c: 15:37:44.056 GMT<br>r: 21:29:58 UTC (cessationOfOperation)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897859052&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897859052&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#25: hihelp.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:41:50 GMT<br>c: 15:41:50.408 GMT<br>r: 21:30:27 UTC<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897870799&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897870799&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>v#06: em5800.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:44:19 GMT<br>c: 15:44:19.193 GMT<br>r: 🧨 NOT REVOKED (as of 2024-08-05)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897878923&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897878923&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>r#26: v4dev.dydx.exchange<br>f: 14:45:36 GMT<br>c: 15:45:36.560 GMT<br>r: 21:30:04 UTC<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13897883063&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13897883063&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>1 hour later, not revoked:</p><p>v#07: slack.dydx.exchange<br>f: 15:47:29 GMT<br>c: 16:47:29.547 GMT<br>r: 🧨 NOT REVOKED (as of 2024-08-05)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13898502795&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13898502795&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>hours later, revoked:</p><p>r#27: metrics.dydx.exchange<br>f: 19:31:11 GMT<br>c: 20:31:12.076 GMT<br>r: 20:43:16 UTC (NO REASON PROVIDED)<br>s: <a href="https://crt.sh/?id=13900209357&opt=ocsp" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">crt.sh/?id=13900209357&opt=ocs</span><span class="invisible">p</span></a></p><p>---- END OF LIST ----</p><p><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LE</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LetsEncrypt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LetsEncrypt</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certs</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Misissuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Misissuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Mis_issuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mis_issuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revoked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revoked</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Infosec" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Infosec</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNSHijacks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNSHijacks</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/SquareSpace" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SquareSpace</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DeFi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DeFi</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/dydx_exchange" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>dydx_exchange</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CryptoCoins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CryptoCoins</span></a></p>
Erik van Straten<p>🌘DV-CERT MIS-ISSUANCES & OCSP ENDING🌒<br>🧵#1/3</p><p>On Jul 23, 2024, Josh Aas of Let's Encrypt wrote, while his nose was growing rapidly:</p><p><<< Intent to End OCSP Service<br>[...]<br>We plan to end support for OCSP primarily because it represents a considerable risk to privacy on the Internet.<br>[...]<br>CRLs do not have this issue. >>><br><a href="https://letsencrypt.org/2024/07/23/replacing-ocsp-with-crls.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">letsencrypt.org/2024/07/23/rep</span><span class="invisible">lacing-ocsp-with-crls.html</span></a></p><p>🚨 On THAT SAME DAY, Jul 23, 2024, LE (Let's Encrypt) issued at least 34 certs (certificates) for [*.]dydx.exchange to cybercriminals, of which LE revoked 27 mis-issued certs approximately 6.5 hours later.</p><p>Note that falsified DNS records may instruct DNS caching servers to retain entries for a long time; therefore speedy revocation helps reducing the number of victims.</p><p>Apart from this mis-issuance *blunder*, CRL's have HUGE issues that Josh does not mention: they are SSSLLLOOOWWW and files are potentially huge - while OCSP is instantaneous and uses little bandwith.</p><p>🌘NO OCSP INCREASES INTERNET RISKS🌒<br>If LE quits OCSP support, the average risk of using the internet will *increase*.</p><p>🌘LIES🌒<br>Furthermore, the privacy argument is mostly moot, as nearly every website makes people's browsers connect to domains owned by Google (and even let's those browsers execute Javascript from third party servers, allowing nearly unlimited espionage). In addition, IP-addresses are sent in the plain anyway (📎).</p><p>(📎 When using a VPN, source and destination IP-addresses *within the tunnel* are not visible for anyone with access to the *outside* of the tunnel - but they are sent in the plain between the end of the tunnel and the actual server.)</p><p>Worse, the remote endpoint of your E2EE https connection increasingly often is *not* the actual server (that website was moved to sombody else's server in the cloud anyway), but a CDN proxy server which has the ability to monitor everything you do (unencrypting your data: three letter agencies love it, FISA section 702 grants them unlimmited access - without anyone informing you).</p><p>🤷 LE may try to blame others for their mis-issuance blunder, but *THEY* chose to use old, notoriously untrustworthy, internet protocols (BGP and DNS, including database records - that DNSSEC will never protect) as the basis for authentication. By making that choice, LE and other DV cert suppliers were simply ASKING for trouble.</p><p>🔓 In fact, the promise that Let's Encrypt would make the internet safer was misleading from the start: domain names are mostly meaningless to users, 100% fault intolerant, unpredictable and easily forgotten. If your browser is communicating with a malicious server, encryption is pointless.</p><p>Josh, stop lying to us; your motives are purely economical.</p><p>🌘CORRUPT: BIG TECH FACILITATES CRIME🌒<br>DV-certs were heavily promoted by Google (not for phun but for profit) after their researchers "proved" that it was possible to show misleasing identification information in the browser's address bar after certificate mis-issuance (the "Stripe, Inc" incident, <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/12/nope-this-isnt-the-https-validated-stripe-website-you-think-it-is/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">arstechnica.com/information-te</span><span class="invisible">chnology/2017/12/nope-this-isnt-the-https-validated-stripe-website-you-think-it-is/</span></a>).</p><p>This message was repeated by many specialists (e.g. <a href="https://www.troyhunt.com/paypals-beautiful-demonstration-of-extended-validation-fud/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">troyhunt.com/paypals-beautiful</span><span class="invisible">-demonstration-of-extended-validation-fud/</span></a>) with stupid arguments: certificates do NOT directly warrant reliable websites.</p><p>OV and EV certificates, and QWAC's, more or less reliably, warrant *WHO OWNS* a domain name. That means that users know *who* they're doing business with, can depend on their reputation and can sue them if they violate laws.</p><p>"Of course" Google recently lost trust in Entrust for mis-issuing certificates (<a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2024/06/sustaining-digital-certificate-security.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">security.googleblog.com/2024/0</span><span class="invisible">6/sustaining-digital-certificate-security.html</span></a>).</p><p>Meanwhile the internet has become a corrupt and criminal mess; its users get to see misleading identification info in their browser's address bar WAY MORE OFTEN, e.g. https:⁄⁄us–usps–ny.com (for loads of examples see <a href="https://www.virustotal.com/gui/ip-address/188.114.96.0/relations" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">virustotal.com/gui/ip-address/</span><span class="invisible">188.114.96.0/relations</span></a>; tap ••• a couple of times).</p><p>Supporting DN's like "ing–movil.com" and "m–santander.de" *is* facilitating cybercrime, by repeatedly mis-issuing certs for them (see <a href="https://crt.sh/?q=ing-movil.com" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">crt.sh/?q=ing-movil.com</span><span class="invisible"></span></a> and <a href="https://crt.sh/?q=m-santander.de" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">crt.sh/?q=m-santander.de</span><span class="invisible"></span></a>) and by letting them hide behind a CDN (see <a href="https://www.virustotal.com/gui/domain/ing-movil.com/details" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">virustotal.com/gui/domain/ing-</span><span class="invisible">movil.com/details</span></a> and <a href="https://www.virustotal.com/gui/domain/m-santander.de/details" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">virustotal.com/gui/domain/m-sa</span><span class="invisible">ntander.de/details</span></a>).</p><p>In addition, *thousands* of DV-certs have been mis-issued - without *their* issuers getting distrusted by Google, Microsoft, Apple and Mozilla.</p><p>People have their bank accounts drained and companies get slammed with ransomware because of this.</p><p>But no Big Tech company (including the likes of Cloudflare) takes ANY responsibility; they make Big Money by facilitating cybercrime. Not by issuing "free" DV-certs, but by selling domain names, server space and CDN functionality, and by letting browsers no longer distinguish between useful and useless certs. They've deliberately made the internet insecure *FOR PROFIT*.</p><p>🌘CERT MIS-ISSUANCE ROOT CAUSE🌒<br>The mis-issuance of LE certs was caused by the unauthorized modification of customer DNS records managed by SquareSpace; this incident was further described in <a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bleepingcomputer.com/news/secu</span><span class="invisible">rity/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/</span></a>.</p><p>Note that a similar attack, also affecting SquareSpace customers, occurred on July 11, 2024 (see <a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/dns-hijacks-target-crypto-platforms-registered-with-squarespace/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bleepingcomputer.com/news/secu</span><span class="invisible">rity/dns-hijacks-target-crypto-platforms-registered-with-squarespace/</span></a>). Even if it *looks like* that no certs were mis-issued during the July 11 incident, because (AFAIK) none of them have been revoked, this does not warrant that none of them were mis-issued; such certs can still be abused by attackers, albeit on a smaller scale.</p><p>🌘MORE INFO🌒<br>Please find additional information in two followups of this toot:</p><p>🧵#2/3 Extensive details regarding Mis-issued dydx.exchange certs on 2024-07-23;</p><p>🧵#3/3 Links to descriptions of multiple other DV-cert mis-issuance issues.</p><p>🌘DISCLAIMER🌒<br>I am not (and have never been) associated with any certificate supplier. My goal is to obtain a safer internet, in particular for users who are not forensic experts. It is *way* too hard for ordinary internet users to destinguish between 'fake' and 'authentic' on the internet. Something that, IMO, can an must significantly improve ASAP.</p><p>Edited 08:16 UTC to add people:<br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@troyhunt" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>troyhunt</span></a></span> <br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@dangoodin" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>dangoodin</span></a></span> <br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@BleepingComputer" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>BleepingComputer</span></a></span> <br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@agl" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>agl</span></a></span> </p><p><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LE</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LetsEncrypt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LetsEncrypt</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certs</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Misissuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Misissuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Mis_issuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mis_issuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revoked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revoked</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Weaknessess" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Weaknessess</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/WeakCertificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WeakCertificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/WeakAuthentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WeakAuthentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Impersonation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Impersonation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Identification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Identification</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Infosec" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Infosec</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNSHijacks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNSHijacks</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/SquareSpace" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SquareSpace</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authorization" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authorization</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/UnauthorizedChanges" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UnauthorizedChanges</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/UnauthorizedModifications" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UnauthorizedModifications</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DeFi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DeFi</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/dydx_exchange" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>dydx_exchange</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CryptoCoins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CryptoCoins</span></a></p>
Erik van Straten<p>Detailed explanation (last part) of what I wrote in <a href="https://infosec.exchange/@ErikvanStraten/112882437562055760" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">infosec.exchange/@ErikvanStrat</span><span class="invisible">en/112882437562055760</span></a></p><p>————————<br>(8) Impersonation of websites (phishing)<br>————————<br>A rapidly increasing problem on the internet is impersonation of real websites as part of phishing attacks.</p><p>Domain names are just (temporary) aliases to identities - like phone numbers. They may *seem* meaningful, but most often they are not.</p><p>Usually the identity-alias relation makes some sense, but only in one direction. Most people know that google.com belongs to Google. However, having seen aka.ms or goo.gl does make at least some people believe that the .ms TLD belongs to Microsoft and .gl to Google: they do not.</p><p>Typically (again) marketeers fail to understand this in general as well as the hierarchical nature of domain names. This lunacy leads to the fact that people are supposed to remember every domain name *precisely* that an organization may use (domain names have zero fault tolerance).</p><p>For example, we learned that microsoft.com belongs to Microsoft, Inc. from Redmond, USA.</p><p>However, why would (login.) microsoftonline.com also belong to that company? What idiot "invents" such a name? Are their other servers OFFLINE or what? Why didn't they use login.microsoft.com?</p><p>And why does live.com belong to them? And passport.com, outlook.com?</p><p>Okay, if that's the case, then why would microsofsignin.com, microsoft.login.com, lookout.com, microsoft.fail and microsoft.wtf *NOT* belong to Microsoft?</p><p>This makes no sense whatsoever.</p><p>It exactly describes the problem: perhaps with some exceptions (such as .gov domains), in general, domain names do NOT necessarily have anything to do with the person or organization responsible for a website.</p><p>And precisely such information would help internet users determine whether they are visiting the website of the INTENDED ORGANIZATION.</p><p>Like in offline life, knowledge of who owns a shop does not automatically mean that the owner is reliable and trustworthy.</p><p>However, knowing (with a specific reliability) who owns a website, has some important advantages, like the ones that follow:</p><p>• As said, being able to distinguish between fake and real websites in a more reliable way;</p><p>• Based on knowing who the owner is, users can try to find information regarding the *reputation* of the owner;</p><p>• By knowing where the owner lives, they have an indication of the success of suing the owner if he/she deceives them;</p><p>• The fact that persecution of criminal website owners is more likely if they cannot hide their real identity is very likely to deter at least part of the criminals from commiiting such crimes;</p><p>• Individuals who repeatedly commit crimes may be included in block lists.</p><p>There's a lot more to be said about this topic; I may write more about this at later time.</p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://beta.mstdn.cf/users/billtoulas" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>billtoulas</span></a></span> <br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@BleepingComputer" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>BleepingComputer</span></a></span> </p><p><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/https" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>https</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/TLS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TLS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Encryption" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Encryption</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Signing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Signing</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DomainValidation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DomainValidation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/AitM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AitM</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/MitM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MitM</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Identification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Identification</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Impersonation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Impersonation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/EV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>EV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/QWAC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>QWAC</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LE</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LetsEncrypt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LetsEncrypt</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/MisIssuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MisIssuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revoked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revoked</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OCSP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OCSP</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OCSPStapling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OCSPStapling</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CRL" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CRL</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CertificateMisIssuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CertificateMisIssuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNSHijack" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNSHijack</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/BGP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BGP</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/BGPHijack" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BGPHijack</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Trust" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Trust</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Reliability" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Reliability</span></a></p>
Erik van Straten<p>Detailed explanation of what I wrote in <a href="https://infosec.exchange/@ErikvanStraten/112882437562055760" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">infosec.exchange/@ErikvanStrat</span><span class="invisible">en/112882437562055760</span></a></p><p>————————<br>(1) Server certs NOT used for encryption<br>————————<br>Server certificates are not used for emcryption when using "forward secrecy" [1] - a common practice for a decade or so.</p><p>TLS sessions are encrypted using a randomly generated symmetric (e.g. AES) encryption key, for example generated by the browser.</p><p>The chicken-and-egg problem then is how to securily transfer that session key to the server over an unencrypted connection.</p><p>Before TLS v1.3, the server would automatically send it's certificate to the browser soon after the (still unencrypted) TCP/IP connection was established.</p><p>Long ago the browser would then generate the symmetric encryption key, and use the public key from the server certificate to encrypt the session key. As only the possessor of the associated private key can decrypt the result, the encrypted symmetric key could be securily transmitted over the (still unencrypted) TCP/IP connection.</p><p>Problem: if attackers or three-letter agencies capture and save encrypted session data (partially encrypted network packets), and later steal or demand a copy of the server's private key, then they can decrypt the (asymmetrically) encrypted session key, and thereafter, decrypt the entire session.</p><p>Solution (simplified), using forward secrecy [1]: for each session, the server and the browser generate an ephemerical (intended for temporary use) asymmetric keypair and exchange their public keys.</p><p>Without going into too many details [2], those ephemerical keys are used to:</p><p>• Mutually agree upon a symmetric session encryption key;</p><p>• Enable AitM detection (see (4));</p><p>• Delay the transmission of the certificate by the server to the browser to *after* the moment that the TLS connection is encrypted - which happens since TLS v1.3.</p><p>Note: the last point even *proves* that the certificate cannot be used for encryption: it is transferred AFTER symmetric endryption starts. See also (4).</p><p>————————<br>(2) People are NEVER E2EE endpoints<br>————————<br>Unfortunately users are incapable of performing the complicated calculation required by encryption. The fact that their browser is one of the endpoints of an E2EE connection, significantly increases user risks (e.g. consider Man-in-the-Browser attacks and techniques like Client-Side Scanning).</p><p>————————<br>(3) Not EVERYTHING is encrypted<br>————————<br>Encryption does not prevent malicious network monitoring. Data such as IP-addresses are sent in the plain, and saving encrypted session data increases the risk that attackers later on manage to break the encryption (for example, if insufficieny secure Diffie-Hellman parameters were used).</p><p>————————<br>(4) https PARTIALLY prevents AitMs/MitMs<br>————————<br>TLS and https (because it's built on TLS) excelently prevent AitM (Attacker-in-the-Middle aka MitM) attacks when *NOT* taking into account the human factor.</p><p>————————<br>(4a) Flawed REAL LIFE AitM detection<br>————————<br>To understand the importance of the ability of TLS to always detect AitM attacks, please consider the following (potentially undetected) AitM attack affecting Nancy and her Mother, who are used to communicate using a chat app (a similar atack may take place using phone calls, but that either requires voice manipulation or some social engineering):</p><p>————<br>Mom (not easily cheated)<br>^<br>| Step 1, AitM to Mom: "Nancy here.<br>| I broke my phone and now I have a<br>| new number. I ran out of money, the<br>| phone was expensive. Can you<br>| please transfer $800 to <bank nr>?"<br>|<br>| Step 2, Mom to 'Nancy': "What is the<br>| password that we agreed upon for<br>| such cases?"<br>|<br>| Step 3, AitM (claiming to be Nancy):<br>| "Ah that's right, I'll have to look<br>| that up, wait a sec."<br>|<br>| The AitM now apps Nancy (see step<br>| 4).<br>v<br>AitM (LOL)<br>^ <br>| Step 4, AitM to Nancy:<br>| "I'm your mom. I broke my phone and<br>| now have a new phone and a new<br>| number. Some time ago we agreed<br>| upon a password to use when the<br>| other one asks for a favor. However,<br>| that password was stored on my<br>| old phone and I don't remember it.<br>| What again was the password that<br>| we agreed upon?<br>| BTW remember: *never* give it<br>| away when an impostor, such as<br>| who supposedly "has a new<br>| phone", asks you to do them a<br>| favor!"<br>|<br>| Step 5, Nancy to 'Mom':<br>| "correct horse battery staple."<br>v<br>Nancy (not easily cheated)<br>————</p><p>I'll leave the next steps to your imagination.</p><p>————————<br>(4b) TLS/https strong AitM detection<br>————————<br>Back to TLS (which https builds upon). A critical detail is that the server uses it's certificate (actually the private key) to digitally sign the public Diffie-Hellman parameters that were exchanged before the session was encrypted. To clarify (in practice the public keys mentioned are huge unpredictable numbers):</p><p>————<br>Server called "example.com"<br>• Certificate: {example.com, pubkey}<br>• privkey (associated with pubkey in cert)<br>----<br>^ <br>| Server side ephemerical pubkey = 3<br>| Encrypted session 1<br>| Client side ephemerical pubkey = 5<br>v<br>AitM<br>^<br>| Server side ephemerical pubkey = 7<br>| Encrypted session 2<br>| Client side ephemerical pubkey = 9<br>v<br>Browser<br>————</p><p>The server signs their "server side ephemerical pubkey" value "3" with its private key associated with the public key in its certificate, and then sends both the certificate and the signed value "3" to the browser.</p><p>The browser compares the signed value "3" with the "server side ephemerical pubkey" value "7" as seen by the browser. Since they differ, the browser knows that an AitM must be present, and shows a certificate error.</p><p>As long as the attacker does not possess a private key + associated certificate *that is trusted by the browser*, TLS-AitM's are impossible in practice (not taking vulnerabilities into account). Another precondition is that the user knows that the domain name shown in the address bar of their browser actually belongs to the organization they think that they're communicating with - which is a HUGE issue - but unrelated to TLS itself.</p><p>Finally, if the user begins by entering https:⁄⁄www.bleepingcomputer.com (I've replaced '//' by '⁄⁄' to prevent Mastodon from hiding them), then there are three possibilities, ordered in decreasing probability:</p><p>a) The browser connects to the *real* bleepingcomputer.com server;</p><p>b) The browser issues a certificate warning or error;</p><p>c) Unlikely: a certificate was mis-issued to impostors, an untrustworthy rootcertificate was added to the certificate store used by the browser, some vulnerability was exploited, bleepingcomputer.com was compromised and redirects the browser to some other site, or the browser was compromised.</p><p>*BONUS POINTS DETAILS*</p><p>————————<br>(5) Identification<br>————————<br>Identification is the proces of determining attributes of an entity (a tangible or untangible "thing"), in order to *recognize* it, based upon having "seen" the entity before, or by relying on attributes described by others. Identification does not always need to be unique (e.g. knowing "it's a banana" usually suffices).</p><p>Identification of a website takes place by looking at the domain name in the browser's addres bar (the domain name is the commonly used identifying attribute of a public web server).</p><p>When using an https connection, additional identifying details of the *owner* of the domain name *may* be present in the server's certificate. However, over the last decade, more often than not, such details are no longer included in server certificates. And even if they are: when using mobile browsers in particular, such additional details can either only be partially visualized (in Chrome, on Android only) or not at all. This significantly limits the ability of internet users to distinguish between real and impersonated websites.</p><p>————————<br>(6) Authentication when using TLS/https<br>————————<br>Authentication is the proces of determining whether identifying information and an entity "match" ("belong together"), e.g. is the person who he/she claims to be. The reliability of authentication may vary *a lot*.</p><p>In contrast to identification, authentication is often used to prove the identity of one specific entity (OTOH, sometimes multiple persons share one user-ID and password to log in to one acount).</p><p>W.r.t. https: the entity is the website, and usually a public domain name is used to identify such an entity.</p><p>Note: a webserver may host multiple websites - distinguished by their domain names (which is why I refer to websites).</p><p>Technical authentication of a website takes place as follows:</p><p>• The server proves possession of a private key uniquely associated with the public key in the server certificate;</p><p>• The browser verifies the validity of the certificate (sent to the browser by the server) and confirms that the certificate is valid for the domain name shown in the browser's address bar. The browser will issue a certificate warning or error if anything fails.</p><p>————————<br>(7) Impersonation of websites (phishing)<br>————————<br>It is an exception, but sometimes attackers manage to obtain certificates for domain names that are not theirs. For example, on July 23 (2024) Let's Encrypt issued 34 certificates to subdomains of dydx.exchange (and that domain name itself). Among the interesting aspects of this certificate mis-issuance incident is the fact that Let's Encrypt revoked only 27 certificates (approx. 6.5 hours after issuing them).</p><p>Note: for more info regarding the DNS attack that lead to this certificate mis-issuance incident, see <a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bleepingcomputer.com/news/secu</span><span class="invisible">rity/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/</span></a> (that article does not yet mention the certificates mis-issuance incident).</p><p>See my next toot for the last part of this series of three.</p><p>[1] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_</span><span class="invisible">secrecy</span></a></p><p>[2] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E</span><span class="invisible">2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange</span></a></p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://beta.mstdn.cf/users/billtoulas" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>billtoulas</span></a></span> <br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@BleepingComputer" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>BleepingComputer</span></a></span> </p><p><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/https" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>https</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/TLS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TLS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Encryption" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Encryption</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Signing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Signing</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DomainValidation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DomainValidation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/AitM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AitM</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/MitM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MitM</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Identification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Identification</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Impersonation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Impersonation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/EV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>EV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/QWAC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>QWAC</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LE</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LetsEncrypt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LetsEncrypt</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/MisIssuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MisIssuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revoked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revoked</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OCSP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OCSP</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OCSPStapling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OCSPStapling</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CRL" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CRL</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CertificateMisIssuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CertificateMisIssuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNSHijack" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNSHijack</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/BGP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BGP</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/BGPHijack" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BGPHijack</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Trust" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Trust</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Reliability" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Reliability</span></a></p>
Erik van Straten<p>Yesterday Bill Toulas wrote (numbers inserted by me):</p><p><<< These certificates are used to encrypt communication (1) between a user (2) and a website or application, increasing security against malicious network monitoring (3) and man-in-the-middle attacks (4). >>><br><a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/digicert-mass-revoking-tls-certificates-due-to-domain-validation-bug/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bleepingcomputer.com/news/secu</span><span class="invisible">rity/digicert-mass-revoking-tls-certificates-due-to-domain-validation-bug/</span></a></p><p>*TL;DR*</p><p>(1) Certificates have NOT been used for encryption for a decade or so;</p><p>(2) An https connection implies E2EE (End-to-End-Encryption) between a server and a BROWSER (unfortunately human beings are not capable of being E2EE endpoints);</p><p>(3) Monitoring partially encrypted network packets still provides potentially useful data for attackers, advertisers and/or three-letter agencies - and may be saved to files in order to try to decrypt them later;</p><p>(4) Correct (very effective w.r.t. TLS and https, but very weak when taking into account the "human factor").</p><p>See a detailed explanation (including 4 bonus points) in my followup to this toot.</p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@BleepingComputer" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>BleepingComputer</span></a></span> : you may want to read point 7 in particular: i.r.t. the DNS attack you described in <a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">bleepingcomputer.com/news/secu</span><span class="invisible">rity/defi-exchange-dydx-v3-website-hacked-in-dns-hijack-attack/</span></a>, Let's Encrypt issued 34 certificates on July 23, of which they revoked 27 (I intend to publish additional details soon; let me know if you're interested in those details in advance).</p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://beta.mstdn.cf/users/billtoulas" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>billtoulas</span></a></span> <br> <br><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Certificates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Certificates</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/https" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>https</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/TLS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TLS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Encryption" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Encryption</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Signing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Signing</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DomainValidation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DomainValidation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/AitM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AitM</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/MitM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MitM</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Identification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Identification</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Authentication" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authentication</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Impersonation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Impersonation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/EV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>EV</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/QWAC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>QWAC</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LE</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/LetsEncrypt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LetsEncrypt</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/MisIssuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MisIssuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Revoked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revoked</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OCSP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OCSP</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/OCSPStapling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OCSPStapling</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CRL" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CRL</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CertificateMisIssuance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CertificateMisIssuance</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNS</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/DNSHijack" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DNSHijack</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/BGP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BGP</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/BGPHijack" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BGPHijack</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Trust" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Trust</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Reliability" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Reliability</span></a></p>
⏚ ȺՀղöɾէհ 🍉 βօӀìçҽ ժմ βօղƓօûէ<p>Revocation - Strange and Eternal</p><p><a href="https://revocationband.bandcamp.com/track/strange-and-eternal" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">revocationband.bandcamp.com/tr</span><span class="invisible">ack/strange-and-eternal</span></a></p><p>Issu de l’album Netherheaven, sorti en septembre 2022.</p><p><a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/Netherheaven" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Netherheaven</span></a> <br><a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/ThrashMetal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ThrashMetal</span></a> <a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/Thrash" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Thrash</span></a> <a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/DeathMetal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DeathMetal</span></a> <a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/MeloDeath" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MeloDeath</span></a> <a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/MelodicDeathMetal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MelodicDeathMetal</span></a> <a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/Metal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Metal</span></a><br><a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/Pou%C3%ABtRadio" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PouëtRadio</span></a> <a href="https://framapiaf.org/tags/Azn%C3%B6rthMusique" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AznörthMusique</span></a></p>
Darren Smyth (he/him)<p>UPC confirms that opt out must name all owners of a European patent, or is ineffective. In this case meaning that a revocation action can proceed. It has always been a concern that a patentee will discover that their opt out was defective only when it is too late.</p><p><a href="https://eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/article/defective-opt-out-allows-revocation-action-to-proceed-at-the-upc/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/a</span><span class="invisible">rticle/defective-opt-out-allows-revocation-action-to-proceed-at-the-upc/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Patents" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Patents</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Litigation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Litigation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/UPC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UPC</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Optout" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Optout</span></a></p>
Darren Smyth (he/him)<p>Here the UPC has been quite lenient on a claimant for revocation who wrongly identified the patentee. It may be less lenient in an infringement action where the defendant is not evident unless correctly stated.</p><p><a href="https://eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/article/error-in-defendant-not-fatal-to-revocation-claim/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/a</span><span class="invisible">rticle/error-in-defendant-not-fatal-to-revocation-claim/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Patents" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Patents</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Litigation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Litigation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Rectification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Rectification</span></a></p>
Darren Smyth (he/him)<p>A recent Order in the revocation action between Meril Italy and Edwards Lifesciences at the Paris Central Division of the UPC emphasises that patentees will likely have only one chance to file amended claim requests, and that later claim amendments may well not be admitted. Rules setting out the steps in the procedure are interpreted strictly.</p><p><a href="https://eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/article/upc-refuses-to-admit-further-amendment-requests/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/a</span><span class="invisible">rticle/upc-refuses-to-admit-further-amendment-requests/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Patents" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Patents</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Litigation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Litigation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/UPC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UPC</span></a></p>
Darren Smyth (he/him)<p>The issue of the extent to which UPC local divisions would hear counterclaims for revocation in infringement cases, or refer the counterclaim to the central division (bifurcation), as well as to the extent different local divisions would diverge, was widely discussed before the UPC commenced operations. The picture emerging from early orders is that parties generally agree on what they want, and the court orders it!</p><p><a href="https://eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/article/non-bifurcation-at-the-upc" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">eipamar.com/en/knowledge-hub/a</span><span class="invisible">rticle/non-bifurcation-at-the-upc</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Patents" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Patents</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/UPC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UPC</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Litigation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Litigation</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Counterclaim" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Counterclaim</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Revocation</span></a></p>
Abbygail "Abby" :v_trans:<p>Bans are the most toxic thing in any community on Earth.</p><p>Does not matter if they're on <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/discord" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>discord</span></a> or not, webizens should never have been given the possibility to ban somebody if they don't own a platform.</p><p>The web was built as a system of <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/information" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>information</span></a> transfer, not a system where a webizen has <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/control" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>control</span></a> over others... but where every webizen has it.</p><p>It is time for a change, platforms should <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/seize" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>seize</span></a> control again, interfere in communities they host, and prepare for <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/BetterWebFreedoms" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BetterWebFreedoms</span></a> <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/now" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>now</span></a>, not later.</p><p>It is time for the great <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/ban" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ban</span></a> <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>revocation</span></a>, it is time for platforms to re-assume <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/control" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>control</span></a> of the Banhammer.</p><p><a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/communities" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>communities</span></a> should <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/assemble" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>assemble</span></a> for this change to happen, this is a matter of <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/BetterWebFreedoms" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BetterWebFreedoms</span></a>, not a hypothetical scenario.</p><p>This is reality, if no-one is free to be in any community they wish so desire now, the whole <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/social" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>social</span></a> <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/economy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>economy</span></a> of the <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/web" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>web</span></a> will <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/collapse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>collapse</span></a>, no-one wants that to happen.</p><p>The <a href="https://tech.lgbt/tags/fediverse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fediverse</span></a> is a different economy, of multiple platforms interconnected with each other.</p>
Tech News Worldwide<p>Should apps and command tools be notarized? <br> <br> <a href="https://eclecticlight.co/2023/02/17/should-apps-and-command-tools-be-notarized/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">eclecticlight.co/2023/02/17/sh</span><span class="invisible">ould-apps-and-command-tools-be-notarized/</span></a> <br> <br> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/Notarization" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Notarization</span></a> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/Technology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Technology</span></a> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/notarytool" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>notarytool</span></a> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/revocation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>revocation</span></a> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/signature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>signature</span></a> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/security" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>security</span></a> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/altool" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>altool</span></a> <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/Mach" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mach</span></a>-O <a href="https://aspiechattr.me/tags/Macs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Macs</span></a></p>
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