#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#History
#LatinAmerica
#LittleIceAge
#ClimateChange

(19/19)

...the 16th century.

How can this still/ever be resolved?

//

PS
I'm sorry for the tedious page break, forced upon me by the Mastodon limit of 500k and the issue of counting handles, hyperlinks, as well as hashtags, too.

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(18/n)

...in particular in the present-day "developed" world.

And yet another thought:

Neither the biggest death bubble (WWII) im human history, nor any of the pandemics of the 20th and 21st century seems to have been able to cause a similar small "Ice Age" as did #TheGreatDying in...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(17/n)

...America was 10 percent of the world’s population before #Columbus. If that were true today, there would be 700 million in the Indigenous world." Imagine that.

Besides, carbon use per person has increased dramatically, ...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(16/n)

...we see from this study is the scale of what’s required [to battle anthropogenic #ClimateChange], because #theGreatDying resulted in an area the size of France being reforested and that gave us only a few parts per million."

Picture this:

"Indigenous...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(15/n)

...the 1500s cannot be balanced until large-scale vegetation regeneration in the Americas is included. #TheGreatDying of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas resulted in a human-driven global impact on the Earth system in the two centuries prior to the Industrial Revolution.”

And what...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(14/n)

...the #LittleIceAge?
And was that a result of “natural forces” or because of the “large-scale #depopulation of the Americas after European arrival, subsequent land use change and secondary succession...”?!?

The authors say their study shows that the “global carbon budget of...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(13/n)

...However, save the best for last:

For this, we have to go back to the original research paper 1):

"The paper explores a big question:

Did the invasion and #depopulation of the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries result in the decline in temperatures,...

1)
https://www.yesmagazine.org/opinion/2019/02/13/how-colonization-of-the-americas-killed-90-percent-of-their-indigenous-people-and-changed-the-climate

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(12/n)

...approximately 90% of the population of the Americas that would be at least 10% of the global population in 1500 (430-500 m 6))--that would be the relatively biggest extinction-level event of humanity in historic times!

Mind-blowing?
Maybe (still) not...

6)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimates_of_historical_world_population

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(11/n)

...if #TheGreatDying as part of the European conquest of the Americas were to be counted as but ONE conflict, the c. 54m casualties of the indigenous population would already be the 2nd biggest death bubble of humanity ever.

With...

5)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(10/n)

...fatalities (military + civilian fatalities).

The biggest circle, as you had expected, was #WWII:

"An estimated total of 70–85 million people perished, or about 3% of the estimated global population of 2.3 billion in 1940." 4) (#WWI 15-20m) 5)

So,...

4)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#ClimateChange

(9/n)

...Global Data Analytics at #OxfordUniversity has put together an incredible chart:

"Global deaths in conflicts since
the year 1400" 3)
Each circle represents but 1 armed cobflict.
"The size represents the absolute number of...

3)
https://www.vox.com/2015/6/23/8832311/war-casualties-600-years

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire

(8/n)

...mere couple of thousands European invaders-turned-#colonizers at some point.

Let's put things in perspective first:

But this is NOT, what I originally said would blow your mind, it is rather the breathtaking impact on Earth itself that #TheGreatDying had.

#MaxRoser, the Professor of Practice in...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#LatinAmerica
#ClimateChange

(7/n)

... a rounding imprecision.
In other words, seen (only statistically,) the wartime deaths were, in this sense, "almost negligible."
Over time, when the original awe and "godliness" of the conquistadores had worn off, the 50-60 m people would have simply overrun the...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#LatinAmerica
#ClimateChange

(6/n)

...‘Great Dying’ by Western scholars." 2)

Even IF the European invaders (#Conquistadores/#Colonizers) had managed to kill 100k in all of the Americas by force, let's round that up to 1m, that would still be within the limits of...

2)
https://www.science.smith.edu/climatelit/the-great-dying-c-1520-1700-ce/

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#LatinAmerica
#History
#ClimateChange

(5/n)

...viruses killed 54 million people!* [90% of the 60m] (According to other sources, "...between 54 and 61 million Indigenous peoples)...the Indigenous population was reduced to a mere 6 million people in the genocide event termed the...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#LatinAmerica
#ClimateChange

(4/n)

...concluded that the Indigenous population reached more than 60 million people before contact. That would have been about 10 percent of the world’s population,..." 1)

In other words, if that were true, and in fact there is evidence that that is so, the European...

@mina @mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#LatinAmerica
#ClimateChange

(3/n)

...["c. 1520 – 1700 CE" 2))...
There was a death rate of more than 90 percent of the people (labeled “depopulation” in the scientific report) [..other sources say up to 95% 2)]...

...the University College London team...

2)
https://www.science.smith.edu/climatelit/the-great-dying-c-1520-1700-ce/

@mina
@mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb

@mina

#MexicanHistory
#SpanishConquest of the #AztecEmpire
#History
#LatinAmerica
#ClimateChange

The real-world implications of #GaryJennigs #AztecSeries (a long thread)

(1/n)

Preface and spoiler alert:

For those of you who bear with me till the end of this thread, I guarantee that the revelation will blow your mind.

I agree with everything you write, Mina, but...

@mattotcha @energiepirat @VeroniqueB99 @si_irini @GreenFire @evelynefoerster @SilviaMarton @forthy42 @2ndStar @MAJ1 @scb