"The truth is actually very straightforward. Ordinary even. And that's even more unsettling.
"It's far more sinister than a hot mic," says Egelman.
There's no credible evidence that your phone runs a secret, always-on microphone to target ads, and there are clear technical and policy reasons why.
Independent researchers have gone looking for covert "listening" and found none, including a definitive 2018 Northeastern University study that has yet to be superseded. What they did catch in a handful of cases were screen recordings or image and video uploads to third parties. Creepy, sure, but not a hot mic.
Laws matter, too. The federal Wiretap Act bans intercepting conversations without consent, and many states (like California) require all parties to consent, stacking civil and even criminal liability on covert, continuous capture. An "always-listening for ads" feature would constantly record non-consenting bystanders and invite massive legal exposure. I know that's not completely reassuring, but that's why it's implausible in practice.
When I run the bar moment by ad-tech veteran Ari Paparo, he doesn't flinch. Paparo helped build the pipes — he founded the Beeswax DSP (acquired by Comcast's FreeWheel) and led product management at AppNexus/DoubleClick — so he's seen exactly how ad targeting really works.
"I'm very confident this is not happening. The phone is not actually listening to you," he says. "I would say that 100% of my colleagues in the advertising world agree with me."
I know that's a tough pill to swallow, but he offers the real and almost boring explanation for why it feels uncanny: People are predictable. "The ads are attempting to guess what you're interested in," he says. "It's all statistics."
Simple version, for the record: Ads follow your behavior. No listening required."
https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/features/no-your-iphone-isnt-listening-to-you-heres-whats-really-happening/