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#behaviour

2 messages1 participant0 message aujourd’hui
Public
michael

29-Jul-2025
How much time did our ancestors spend up trees? Studying these #chimpanzees might help us find out
A study on savannah-living chimpanzees suggests the need to move safely on thin tree branches could explain why early #hominins that could walk upright kept their tree-climbing adaptations

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1

EurekAlert!How much time did our ancestors spend up trees? Studying these chimpanzees might help us find outA new study on savannah-living chimpanzees could help answer some of paleoanthropology’s oldest questions about the origins of walking on two legs. Some theories suggest that the spread of savannahs pushed hominins to walk upright on the ground, a more efficient way to move in this environment. But many early hominins are still well-adapted for climbing. The study found that chimpanzees living in a savannah-mosaic environment continued foraging in trees, and spent most time in trees foraging for the most abundant or nutritious foods. These results suggest that those arboreal adaptations remained critical for early hominins’ survival after bipedalism appeared. They might even have contributed to the development of walking on two feet.  
#science#primates#evolution
Public
michael

16-Jul-2025
What does it cost an animal to fight?

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1 #science #animals #behaviour #ecology

EurekAlert!What does it cost an animal to fight?How do animals decide when to fight and when to walk, fly, slither, or swim away? Most research on animal conflict has focused on the short-term costs of single interactions, but a pair of behavioral ecologists argue that these one-time events might paint an incomplete picture. In an opinion paper publishing July 16 in the Cell Press journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, the researchers say that to really understand the consequences of animal conflict, we need to also consider its long-term and cumulative impact on an individual’s longevity and reproduction. 
Public
flypapers

📰 "Avoidance engages dopaminergic punishment in Drosophila"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#Drosophila #Behaviour

bioRxiv · Avoidance engages dopaminergic punishment in DrosophilaIt was classically suggested that behaviour can cause emotions (Darwin 1872). For example, smiling can make us feel happier, and in rodents the induced patterns of cardiac activity and breathing that are indicative of fear can in turn evoke it (Coles et al. 2022, Hsueh et al. 2023, Jhang et al. 2024). However, the adaptive significance of such feedback is unclear. We show that inducing backward movement, an element of avoidance behaviour in Drosophila, engages negative valence signals in these animals, and reveal the neuronal mechanisms and adaptive significance of this effect. We develop a paradigm with odours as conditioned stimuli paired with optogenetically induced backward movement instead of a punishing unconditioned stimulus, and combined these experiments with pharmacology, high-resolution video tracking, functional imaging, connectome analyses, and modelling. Our results show that backward movement engages dopaminergic punishment neurons and supports aversive memories. Such avoidance-to-punishment feedback counterbalances extinction learning and maintains learned avoidance, reducing the risk of further punishment. This can explain the long-standing 'avoidance paradox', the observation that avoidance adaptively persists even when it is successful and no punishment is received (Bolles 1972). Our results provide a neurobiologically grounded argument for an integrated view of behaviour organization and valence processing. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Kavli Foundation Gatsby Charitable Foundation National Science Foundation Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Max-Planck-Society European Research Council Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst Ministry of Culture and Science North Rhine-Westphalia European Union: Erasmus+ The Company of Biologists National Institutes of Health Ministry of Science and Culture Lower Saxony
Public
michael

8-Jul-2025
A pointless #fashion trend? #Chimpanzees wear blades of grass in their ears and rears
Insights into evolutionary origins culture

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1

EurekAlert!A pointless fashion trend? Chimpanzees wear blades of grass in their ears and rearsA team of researchers from Utrecht University, Durham University, and other institutions observed something remarkable at a chimpanzee sanctuary in Zambia. Several chimpanzees from one particular group were seen dangling blades of grass from their ear holes or their behinds, for no apparent reason. The behaviour was not seen in other chimpanzee groups at the same sanctuary, despite similar living conditions. “This shows that, like humans, other animals also copy seemingly pointless behaviours from one another,” says Utrecht University researcher Edwin van Leeuwen. “And that, in turn, may offer insights into the evolutionary roots of human culture.”
#science#behaviour#primates
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michael

2-Jul-2025
#HermitCrabs with more sensitive claws may be bolder in their decisions

- looking #cute:

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1

EurekAlert!Hermit crabs with more sensitive claws may be bolder in their decisionsResearchers from the University of Plymouth explored how differences in the sensory abilities of hermit crabs influenced how long it took them to recover after being startled. In one species of hermit crab, tiny hair-like structures – otherwise known as sensilla – on the claws appear to be important in gathering information about their surroundings, including the presence of potential predators. The study, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B journal, has shown that crabs with more sensory hairs on their claws recover faster from a startle response.
#science#ecology#behaviour
Public
MathildeTahar

Notre discussion avec Florian Moullard sur la #conscience animale, guidée par le journaliste Fabien Trécourt, est désormais disponible en podcast!
On y a parlé du jeu des poulpes🐙, des collaborations entre loups et corbeaux🐺 🐦‍⬛et - évidemment - de ce que ça fait d'être une chauve-souris 🦇!
#animalcognition #animal #animalculture #behaviour #philbio #podcast

smartlink.ausha.co/soirees-phi

LES SOIRÉES PHILOSOPHIE, SCIENCES ET SOCIÉTÉ À LA SORBONNE Ethologie : dans la tête des animaux Soirées Philosophie, sciences et société à la Sorbonne Éthologie : Dans la têt 00:00 / 53:12 x1 +15) Pouvons-nous penser comme la chauve-souris, jouer comme le poulpe ou encore collaborer comme le corbeau avec le loup ? Tous ces animaux perçoivent-ils et ont-ils conscience d'eux mêmes comme nous l'entendons, nous, humains ? Et comment cette recherche éthologique peut enrichir en retour la compréhension de la pensée humaine ? Pour cette quatrième soirée sciences philosophie & société, nous recevons Mathilde Tahar et Florian Moullard pour tenter de découvrir ce qu'il se passe dans la tête des animaux.
Public
michael

24-Jun-2025
What can molecules in #ants and #nakedMoleRats tell us about societal roles?
Penn's Shelley Berger and colleagues explored the genetic basis of labor distribution in communal-dwelling species and discovered that pathways dating back hundreds of millions of years are conserved across animal kingdoms.

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1

EurekAlert!What can tiny molecules in ants and naked mole-rats tell us about societal roles?In eusocial superorganisms like leafcutter ant colonies, labor is divvied up according to body shape and size, but University of Pennsylvania Shelley Berger and her team discovered that molecular signals can override that blueprint. Their findings reveal how simple neuropeptides can reprogram ant behavior, reshuffling roles in nature’s most disciplined workforce.
#science#ecology#behaviour
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Petra van Cronenburg

The Mind of a Bee: An Exploration of the Intelligence of Bees. A talk with bee researcher Lars Chittka (via himself on 🦋 ): biologicalrecording.co.uk/2025 "He shows that they are profoundly smart, have distinct personalities, can recognize flowers and human faces, exhibit basic emotions, count, use simple tools, solve problems, and learn by observing others. They may even possess consciousness."

Biological Recording · The Mind of a Bee: An Exploration of the Intelligence of BeesDelve into the mind of a bee with Prof Lars Chittka (Queen Mary College of the University of London) and explore how bee brains are unparalleled in the animal kingdom.
#bees#intelligence#mind
Public
Aethelflaed

#science #nature #behaviour

Killer whales have been observed using a type of kelp to help groom each other. The kelp was bitten off by one whale and then approaching another the kelp was rubbed between their bodies. It is thought that the kelp helps to rub off parasites. The procedure was repeated by others in the group. It could also help to maintain bonds within the group too. theguardian.com/environment/20

The Guardian · Killer whales seen grooming each other with kelp in first for marine tool usePar Oliver Milman
Public
michael

#SwarmIntelligence directs longhorn crazy #ants to clear the road ahead for sisters carrying bulky food
Scientists show how collective form of understanding emerges from simple actions of unintelligent worker ants

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1 #science #behaviour #insects #zoology

EurekAlert!Swarm intelligence directs longhorn crazy ants to clear the road ahead for sisters carrying bulky foodScientists studied the obstacle-clearing behavior of longhorn crazy ants, where a subset of workers temporarily specializes in removing tiny objects blocking the path between the nest and large food items. Experiments revealed that serial clearing behavior can be triggered by a single pheromone mark, which happened to be deposited near an obstacle by a forager recruited to a large food item. Clearing mostly occurs in the context of collective transport, which typically stalls in front of obstacles. The authors concluded that obstacle-clearing is a form of ‘swarm intelligence’ which emerges at the colony level, and which does not require understanding by individual ants.
Public
michael

14-May-2025
#Chimpanzees use #medicinal leaves to perform first aid
Scientists observed chimpanzees in Uganda apparently cleaning and treating their own and others’ wounds

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1

see also my feature on #animals #selfMedicating (#openArchives) proseandpassion.blogspot.com/2 #science #ethology #behaviour #ecology

EurekAlert!Chimpanzees use medicinal leaves to perform first aidResearchers monitoring chimpanzee communities in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, noticed that individuals were helping each other with wound care and hygiene. Some of the chimpanzees even used fresh, chewed leaves from plants known for their traditional medicinal uses and bioactive properties to treat their own and their companions’ wounds. Remarkably, they helped individuals they were genetically related to and individuals they weren’t, despite the potential risk from being exposed to pathogens. Scientists believe these findings could help us understand the cognitive and social foundations of healthcare. 
Public
Albert Cardona

From Silke Sachse:

"I would like to draw your attention to the announcement of a professorship (W3 level) in Behavioral Physiology at the University of Würzburg. Please help to spread the word to suitable candidates."

Application deadline is June 22nd, 2025.

Details can be found here:

German: biologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/file

English: biologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/file

#neuroscience#PhDJobs#behaviour
Public
Soh Kam Yung

"In the heart of the city, dominated by human-made material, animals face more than cars and concrete—they face humans. [...] They need to be able to distinguish the dangerous from the non-dangerous humans. This way urban animals can reduce overreacting (and associated costs) to innocent stimuli, while still reacting to genuinely threatening stimuli."

urbanevolution-litc.com/2025/0

Life in the City · They Know Who You Are: How City Animals Recognize People - Life in the CityUrban wildlife knows more about us than we think. Birds and mammals are able to read our behaviour and recognize individual humans.
#Animals#Urban#Environment
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