Tens of thousands of soldiers died of malaria during the Civil War, but the numbers would have been far higher if quinine hadn't been discovered. Because I live near Philadelphia, here's a lithograph of Rosengarten & Sons' factory complex where it was purified from the bark of cichona, a relative of coffee (Rubiaceae). #MemorialDay #CivilWar #history #quinine #cinchona #philadelphia #mosquitoes #gallinippers #malaria #swamps